מילון מונחים

בת/בר-קיימא – Sustainable

אסטרטגיה המשתמשת במשאבים באופן מושכל כדי לצמצם את צריכתם ואת הפגיעה בהם ולהותיר משאבים גם לדורות הבאים.

היערכות אוטונומית (Autonomous Adaptation) (Spontaneous Adaptation)

היערכות אוטונומית היא היערכות שאינה מבוססת על תגובה מודעת לשינויי אקלים אלא מופעלת ע"י שינויים אקולוגיים במערכות טבעיות או ע"י שינויי שוק או שינויים ברווחה של מערכות אנושיות.

היערכות מקדימה (Proactive Adaptation / Anticipatory Adaptation)

היערכות הנעשית לפני שהשפעות של שינויי אקלים מורגשות בשטח.

היערכות מתוכננת (Planned Adaptation)

היערכות או התאמה שהיא תוצר של קבלת החלטות מכוונת המבוססת על מודעות שהתנאים השתנו או עומדים להשתנות ויש לנקוט בפעולה כדי להשיב את המצב על כנו, לתחזק את המצב הקיים או להשיג את המצב הרצוי.

היערכות פרטית (Private Adaptation)

היערכות ויישומה הנעשית ביוזמת פרטים, בתי אב וחברות פרטיות ומבוססת על האינטרס העצמי שלהן.

היערכות ציבורית (Public Adaptation)

היערכות ויישומה ביוזמת הממשלה על כל שלביה ומודרכת ע"י האינטרסים והצרכים של הציבור.

היערכות תגובתית, מגיבה (Reactive Adaptation)

היערכות והתאמה הננקטות לאחר שהשפעות שינויי האקלים כבר חלו.

היערכות, התאמה (Adaptation)

הסתגלות של מערכות טבעיות או אנושיות בתגובה לשינויי אקלים אקטואליים או מצופים, או להשפעותיהם. ההסתגלות ממתנת את הפגיעות ומאפשרות לנצל הזדמנויות מועילות. בדרך כלל ההסתגלות כוללת צעדים מעשיים להגנת מדינות וקהילות מפני הפרעות או נזקים שנגרמים ע"י שינויי אקלים.

חוסן (Resilience)

• חוסן או עמידות מתייחס לכמות השינוי שמערכת יכולה לספוג ללא שינוי של מצבה (IPCC TAR 2001).
• חוסן או עמידות מתייחסים ליכולת של מערכת להתגבר על השפעות של לחץ כבד עליה, שיתכן שגרם לה נזק (UKCIP, 2003).
• חוסן או עמידות מתייחסים ל-3 תנאים המאפשרים למערכות חברתיות או אקולוגיות להתאושש מחדש לאחר זעזוע שספגו. התנאים הם: יכולת ארגון עצמי, יכולת להגן מפני הפרעות ופגיעות במערכת ויכולת ללמוד ולהסתגל (Tompkins, 2005).

חלוקת נטל ההפסד (Share losses)

נשיאה משותפת בהפסד בקרב קבוצות או באמצעות קרנות ציבוריות כדוגמת ביטוח.

טווח התמודדות (Coping Range)

השונות בגורמי שינוי אקלימי שמערכת יכולה לספוג ללא השפעות שליליות עליה.

יכולת (Capacity)

שילוב של כל הכוחות והמשאבים הזמינים בקהילה, חברה או ארגון היכולים לצמצם את רמת הסיכון או את ההשפעות של אסון. יכולות כוללות אמצעים פיזיים, מוסדיים, חברתיים וכלכליים וכן כוח אדם מיומן ואף תכונות כגון מנהיגות וכושר ניהול (UN/ISDR, 2004).

יכולת היערכות, יכולת התאמה (Adaptive Capacity)

התכונה של מערכת להתאים את עצמה לשינויי אקלים (כולל השונות והקיצון) כדי למתן ולשכך נזקים פוטנציאלים או לנצל את היתרונות של הזדמנויות, או להתמודד עם תוצאותיו (IPCC TAR 2001a) ההיערכות יכולה להיות ספונטנית או מתוכננת, לדוגמה, בניית יכולת אצל הציבור בנושא חיסכון או תכנון רגיש למים ע"י חינוך והכשרה.

יכולת התמודדות (Coping Capacity)

האמצעים שבעזרתם בני אדם או ארגונים משתמשים במשאבים זמינים וביכולת כדי לקדם תוצאות שליליות העשויות להוביל לאסון. חיזוק יכולות ההתמודדות בונה חוסן (Resilience) כדי שניתן יהיה לעמוד בהשפעות של אסונות טבע או מעשה ידי אדם (UN/ISDR, 2004).

ללא חרטה / חרטה נמוכה / חרטה גבוהה:No / Low / High Regret

• ללא חרטה – אסטרטגיה שיש לאמץ בכל מקרה, גם ללא כל שינויים (אקלימיים, אנושיים) במשק המים.
• חרטה נמוכה – אסטרטגיה מאומצת לאדפטציה הנושאת עמה עלות נמוכה.
• חרטה גבוהה – אסטרטגיה מאומצת שעשויה להיות בעלת עלות גבוהה באם לא יחולו שינויים אקלימיים.

ניהול אינטגרטיבי של אגני היקוות (IWM Integrated Water Shed Management – )

ניהול משולב מתבסס על מערכות אקולוגיות תוך התחשבות בגבולות סטטוטוריים. זוהי גישה אינטגרטיבית לניהול מערכת סביבתית שאגן ניקוז הוא חלק ממנה. הגישה מאחדת תכנון, מדיניות ופעילויות לשם פיקוח על המים ועל משאבי טבע אחרים באגן הניקוז. IWM היא גישה יישומית ובת קיימא לניהול אגני היקוות.

נשיאה בנטל ההפסד (Bear Losses)

פעילויות התאמה אשר מבוצעות לאחר שתופעת שינויי האקלים השפיעה על השוק וגרמה להפסדים בהם יש להתחשב ומבוצעת בעיקר ברמת הפרט.

סיכון, סכנה (Risk)

סיכון בהקשר לאקלים הוא תוצר של האינטראקציה בין אסונות פיזיים לבין התכונות של המערכת החשופה להם – כלומר רגישותה ופגיעותה החברתית. סיכון שווה להסתברות של סכנה סביבתית מוכפל ברמת הפגיעות של מערכת נתונה (UNDP 2005). סיכון הוא שילוב של שני גורמים: ההסתברות לאירוע בעל תוצאות שליליות והתוצאות של אירוע כזה. סיכון משלב את ההשפעות על מערכות טבעיות ואנושיות ונובע מהחשיפה לסכנה.

עלויות היערכות (Adaptation Costs)

עלויות התכנון, ההכנות, הסיוע והיישום של שיטות היערכות, כולל עלויות תקופת המעבר (IPCC TAR 2001a).

פגיעות (Vulnerability)

פגיעות מתייחסת לדרגה שבה מערכת חשופה, או אינה יכולה להתמודד עם השפעות שליליות של שינויי אקלים כגון שונות ואירועי קיצון. פגיעות מושפעת מאופי, עוצמה ושיעור השונות באקלים שאליהם חשופה מערכת, רגישותה ויכולת ההסתגלות שלה (IPCC TAR 2001).

פעילויות מניעה (Prevent Effect Prevention)

פעולות למניעה השפעות שינויי אקלים למשל ע"י שינוי ייעוד של שימוש קרקע או שינוי מיקומו.

רגישות (Sensitivity)

מידת הרגישות וההשפעות החיוביות והשליליות של שינויי אקלים (ישירות או בעקיפין).

שיטות הפיכות וגמישות (Reversible Flexible Policy)

אסטרטגיה שניתן לשנות את העלות הכרוכה בהפעלתה במקרה ולא חלים שינויים אקלימיים או אנושיים במשק המים.

שילוב במדיניות ומוסדות קיימים (Mainstreaming)

אין עדיין הגדרה מוסכמת ל-mainstreaming, אבל משתמשים במונח זה כמילה נרדפת לאינטגרציה. הביטוי מתייחס לשילוב של מטרות ההיערכות, אסטרטגיות היערכות, מדיניות, אמצעים ופעולות להיערכות כך שהם הופכים לחלק בלתי נפרד מהמדיניות הלאומית והאזורית, מהתהליכים, והתקציבים בכל הדרגים והשלבים של הממשל (UNDP 2005).

שינויי אקלים (Climate Change)

כל שינוי באקלים לאורך ציר הזמן, בין שנגרם ע"י שונות טבעית או כתוצאה של פעילות אנושית (IPCC TAR 2001).

שמירה על שולי ביטחון (Existence of Safety Margins)

אסטרטגיות המפחיתות את הפגיעות המערכתית בעלות אפסית או נמוכה מאוד. למשל ע"י בניית חומות הגנה מפני עליית פני הים או בניית מערכת ניקוז עם שולי בטיחות מונעת את העלות הגבוהה של תיקון, התאמה ובנייה מחד של תשתיות אלה.

מאמרים ופרסומים אחרונים

2021

The way forward: Supporting climate adaptation in coastal towns and small cities

This article summarizes and reflects upon the work presented in ‘The Unusual Suspects in Climate Change Adaptation – Small Coastal Cities and Towns’ special issue. Across the special issue the challenge of adapting coastal towns and small cities to the impacts of climate change was clearly evident. In order to address some of the challenges, an initial way forward is outlined here to act as a pathway for future research. The areas requiring particular focus include: building a network of coastal

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2021

Narratives of ice loss: New approaches to shrinking glaciers and climate change adaptation

This article explores an as-yet overlooked component of glacier melt: how competing narratives of ice loss are embedded in divergent climate change adaptation debates. This analysis of regional narratives of ice loss exposes the contested role of glacial meltwater amongst local residents, framing glaciers not just as physical features but also as nodes of discourse and imagination that influence climate change adaptation. Peru's Cordillera Blanca offers an excellent case study for this new n

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2021

Interactions between two existential threats: COVID-19 and climate change

The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are complex existential threats, unpredictable in many ways and unprecedented in modern times. There are parallels between the scale and scope of their impacts and responses. Understanding shared drivers, coupled vulnerabilities, and criteria for effective responses will help societies worldwide prepare for the simultaneous threats of climate change and future pandemics. We summarize some shared characteristics of COVID-19 and climate change impacts and i

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2021

Long-term sea-level rise necessitates a commitment to adaptation: A first order assessment

Without adaptation, sea-level rise (SLR) will put more people at risk of flooding. This requires a timely and adequate commitment to adaptation. In this paper, we show how adaptation needs to unfold over time to manage climate-induced SLR. We use a novel scenario-neutral approach, applied globally and subsequently combined with SLR and population scenarios, to assess when, where, and how fast to adapt up to 2150.

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2021

Drivers of and pressures arising from selected key water management challenges — A European overview

This report aims to give a European overview of the main drivers and pressures that are at the core of key water management challenges and which put European water bodies most at risk of not achieving key environmental objectives. Identifying the pressures from and drivers of key water management challenges at the European level can help in prioritising the main issues that should be tackled with measures

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2021

State of the Climate in 2020

This is the 31st issuance of the annual assessment now known as State of the Climate, published in the Bulletin since 1996. As a supplement to the Bulletin, its foremost function is to document the status and trajectory of many components of the climate system. However, as a series, the report also documents the status and trajectory of our capacity and commitment to observe the climate system.

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2021

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the most up-to-date physical understanding of the climate system and climate change, bringing together the latest advances in climate science, and combining multiple lines of evidence from paleoclimate, observations, process understanding, and global and regional climate simulations.

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2021

A Systematic Review of the health co-benefits of urban climate change adaptation

The recent and projected upward trends in the frequency and intensity of climate induced events in cities have enhanced the focus on adaptation. In addition to enhancing the capacity of cities to prepare for and absorb risk, adaptation measures provide multiple co-benefits. However, health co-benefits are among the least explored. These are now seen as increasingly important with the renewed focus on public health since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviews literature focused on the health c

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2021

Defining region-specific heatwave in China based on a novel concept of “avoidable mortality for each temperature unit decrease”

The distribution of temperature and temperature-health association varied largely across different regions in China, a region-specific definition for heatwave was therefore needed. We collected the data on daily mortality, meteorological factors and air pollution in 84 Chinese cities during 2013−2016, which was divided into seven regions. Based on the association between daily maximum temperature and mortality in each city in a threshold distributed lag non-linear model, where the threshold was

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2021

Rethinking resilient agriculture: From Climate-Smart Agriculture to Vulnerable-Smart Agriculture

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is seeking to overcome the food security problem and develop rural livelihoods while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. However, when such synergies exist, the situation of small-scale farmers is often overlooked, and they are unable to implement new practices and technologies. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to improve CSA by adding the neglected but very important element “small-scale farmer”, and introduce Vulnerable-Smart Agriculture (VSA

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2021

Index for climate change adaptation in China and its application

With the increasing awareness of the risks and impacts of climate change, scholars tend to pay more attention to the applications of indicators, which access the effectiveness of climate change adaptation. This study aims to evaluate the overall progress of climate change adaptation in China during 2010‒2018 in a quantitative manner. The Index for Climate Change Adaptation in China (ICCAC) has been thus developed by adopting the analytic hierarchy process weighting and expert scoring method. Nam

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2021

ההיערכות לשיטפונות וההגנה מפניהם - דוח ביקורת מיוחד - משרד מבקר המדינה

בשנים האחרונות מתרבים מקרי השיטפונות וההצפות בישראל כתוצאה מעלייה בתכיפות אירועי
הגשם החריגים ובעוצמתם, בד בבד עם התרחבות ניכרת של השטחים הבנויים והאטומים הפוגעים בכושר החלחול של המים לתוך הקרקע. בחורף 2020 אירעו ברחבי הארץ כמה אירועי גשם חריגים שהובילו לשיטפונות ולהצפות חמורים בעיקר בערי החוף. באירועים אלה קיפחו את חייהם שבעה בני אדם, ונגרמו נזקים לרכוש ולתשתיות בהיקף של עשרות מיליוני שקלים.
הרשות המקומית ממלאת תפקיד חיוני בהיערכותו של העורף האזרחי לאירועי מזג אוויר חריגים, ובמיוחד בכל הקשור

מידע נוסף

2021

Monitoring Report on the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change

Within the framework of the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change (DAS), the Federal Government is now presenting the second monitoring report in 2019. It informs the public and decision-makers in all areas of social life about the observed consequences of climate change. The message of the monitoring report is that the future has already reached us. Germany is in the midst of global warming, with far-reaching consequences for the environment, society and health. Urgent action must be

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2021

The impact of climate change on mental health and emotional wellbeing: current evidence and implications for policy and practice

Climate change and mental health are two of the most significant and pressing challenges facing societies across the world. Yet, growing awareness of these global issues has not been met with sufficient action to mitigate their impacts. Mental illness – or the disabling effects of distress – already affects around a billion people globally, while the effects of climate change are increasingly apparent. Both of these issues are projected to increase and stand to affect many more people without su

מידע נוסף

2021

Food Systems at Risk: Transformative Adaptation for Long-Term Food Security

his report examines how climate change is impacting agriculture and threatening national and global food systems, particularly in climate hotspots, and how these trends are projected to intensify over the coming decades. The report defines and details transformative adaptation for agriculture and why such longer-term, systemic approaches are needed to protect the lives and livelihoods of millions of small-scale farmers and herders. Transformative adaptation in agriculture promotes long-term resi

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2021

Introducing the Built Environment in a Changing Climate: Interactions, Challenges, and Perspectives

Planning for climate change adaptation is among the most complex challenges cities are facing today. Worldwide, unprecedented levels of urban overheating have been recently recorded. Hosting more than half of the world population, cities are major receptors and drivers for climate change with disruptive and mutually empowering impacts on both the natural and the socio-economic environment

מידע נוסף

2021

השפעתם של שינויי האקלים על הביטחון הלאומי: היערכות מערכות הביטחון בישראל ובמדינות נבחרות

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2021

Independent Assessment of UK Climate Risk-Advice to Government For the UK's third Climate Change Risk Assessment

The Adaptation Committee’s Independent Assessment of UK Climate Risk sets out the priority climate change risks and opportunities for the UK. The report draws on an extensive programme of analysis, consultation and consideration by the Committee involving over 450 people, 130 organisations and more than 1,500 pages of evidence and analysis

מידע נוסף

2021

Power-sensitive design principles’ for climate change adaptation policy-making in South Asia

Despite the proliferation of power approaches to study climate change, there is little focus on how to deal with the negative effects of power in climate change adaptation (CCA) policy-making. CCA literature provides little insight into understandings of manifestations of power that can create negative effects, especially in the context of South Asia.

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2021

Cities on the route to 2030

We stand at a major crossroads for city climate action. As we mark a decade of cities disclosing climate data through CDP, there are less than ten years left to halve global emissions. Our new report reveals the huge progress in disclosure and action over the last decade – and where cities must now urgently ramp up their ambition and efforts to secure a resilient, green recovery from COVID-19, and a climate-safe future.

מידע נוסף

2021

אקלים מגדרי: נשים בחזית

הפגיעות העירונית למשבר האקלים נדמית ניטרלית, כזאת שנחלקת באופן שוויוני בין כלל תושבי העיר - אבל מסתבר שנשים פגיעות יותר. מדוע הפגיעות של נשים ייחודית וכיצד ערים צריכות להיערך על מנת לתת לכך מענה ולפתח חוסן עירוני-מגדרי? כתבה נוספת בסדרה "משבר האקלים: הזווית העירונית"

מידע נוסף

2021

Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions- A handbook for practitioners

The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas

מידע נוסף

2021

היערכות מדינת ישראל לשינוי אקלים - דוח מס' 1

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לממשלה לאסטרטגיה ותוכנית פעולה לאומית". בהחלטת הממשלה 4079 נכתב שמדינת ישראל מכירה
בהתרחשות שינויי אקלים עולמיים ובצורך בהיערכות לקראתם, לרבות הקמת מנהלת היערכות לאומית. זאת
בעקבות הסכמה עולמית רחבה והתחזקות הראיות המדעיות כי שינוי האקלים מתרחש, וכן כי כל אחד
כדור הארץ מהעשורים הקודמים, החל בשנת 1850 .משלושת העשורים האחרונים היה חם יותר על פני
הסכנות הנובעות משינוים אלה מגוונות, ובהן עלייה בתכ

מידע נוסף

2021

Nature-based solutions in Europe: Policy, knowledge and practice for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

Working with nature and enhancing the role of ecosystems can help reduce the impacts of climate change and increase resilience to climate change. Such an approach can deliver multiple benefits, including lowering pressures on biodiversity, improving human health and well-being, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building a sustainable economy. This EEA report provides up-to-date information for policymakers on how to apply nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation and disaster risk

מידע נוסף

2021

ניתוח חברתי של משבר האקלים: האם מתבסס אי-צדק אקלימי ברמה המקומית?

גישת אי-צדק אקלימי טוענת להתבססותה של חלוקה לא שווה בקרב מדינות ברחבי העולם בין פליטות גזי החממה והתרומה להתחממות העולמית, לבין רמות הפגיעות ממנה. כהמשך לגישה זו, המאמר מציע מסגרת לניתוח חברתי של משבר האקלים המתמקדת ביחידת ניתוח חברתית, ובאמצעותה נדגים את תהליך התהוותו של אי-צדק אקלימי גם ברמה המקומית.

מידע נוסף

2021

מגמות היסטוריות ומגמות חזויות בדפוסי המשקעים בישראל עד סוף המאה

במרץ 2021 ,הוכנה על-ידי אגף אקלים, בשירות המטאורולוגי, עבודה מקיפה לרשות המים, בנושא
"מגמות היסטוריות ומגמות חזויות בדפוסי המשקעים בישראל עד סוף המאה". בעבודת מחקר זו,
נותחו הן מגמות העבר והן המגמות החזויות בכמות הגשם השנתית, עד שנת 2100 .

מידע נוסף

2021

Business-as-usual will lead to super and ultra-extreme heatwaves in the Middle East and North Africa

Global climate projections suggest a significant intensification of summer heat extremes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). To assess regional impacts, and underpin mitigation and adaptation measures, robust information is required from climate downscaling studies, which has been lacking for the region. Here, we project future hot spells by using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index and a comprehensive ensemble of regional climate projections for MENA. Our results, for a business-as-usual path

מידע נוסף

2021

Mapping the evolution and current trends in climate change adaptation science

Research on climate change adaptation has increased in number and significance since the 1970s. Yet, the volume of information on adaptation is now difficult to manage given its vast scope and spread across journals, institutions, disciplines and themes. While an increasing number of researchers have used systematic literature reviews to analyse particular themes within this rapidly growing field of research, there is still missing an overall analysis of the current state of climate change adapt

מידע נוסף

2021

The old and the climate adaptation: Climate justice, risks, and urban adaptation plan

With the transition to carbon-free economy, concerns have grown about the “green divide” – the separation of society into different social groups whose socioeconomic status determines one’s well-being from climate change impacts. Studies in environmental justice concur that the adverse effects of urban climate change are disproportionately greater for the demographically vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, the children, and the socially marginalized. Yet, little is known about how these

מידע נוסף

2021

A leverage points analysis of a qualitative system dynamics model for climate change adaptation in agriculture

Participatory modeling approaches provide opportunities for collective action responding to challenges of community resource limitations. In the context of climate change, challenges arise from the potential limitations of water availability and resulting conflicts within the agricultural sector. Northeast Lower Saxony is the region with the highest irrigation intensity in Germany due to the sandy soils with low water holding capacity, the cultivation of crops with high water demand, and a negat

מידע נוסף

2021

Responding to the health risks of climate change in Europe

A new briefing by the Lancet Countdown and the European Environment Agency (EEA), explores the health impacts of climate change in Europe and suggests key opportunities for increased ambition with a focus on adaptation. The briefing highlights key health impacts from climate change including wildfires, heatwaves and extreme temperatures, the spread of infectious diseases and droughts. It outlines the opportunities to reduce climate-related health risks through adaptation policies in Europe

מידע נוסף

2021

Urban planning policy must do more to integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation actions

Well-designed urban planning policy can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to anticipated climate change impacts. However, there has been limited analysis of the extent to which urban planning policy documents addresses climate change adaptation and or mitigation. There is a need to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100, and to be well adapted to this change (in line with the Paris Agreement). Achieving this goal will assis

מידע נוסף

2021

Forging a climate-resilient Europe - the new EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change

The European Commission adopted its new EU strategy on adaptation to climate change on 24 February 2021. The new strategy sets out how the European Union can adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change and become climate resilient by 2050. The Strategy has four principle objectives: to make adaptation smarter, swifter and more systemic, and to step up international action on adaptation to climate change.

מידע נוסף

2021

Accelerating climate research and action in cities through advanced science-policy-practice partnerships

Cities have become increasingly recognized as key sites for climate research and action. Recently, these efforts have been significantly advanced through science-policy-practice partnerships. The objective of this paper is to assess how these partnerships are structured, the research and action agenda that underpins them, and how this agenda is being articulated and implemented. The assessment also helps to define some of the conceptual and operational gaps faced by the science-policy-practice c

מידע נוסף

2021

Inventories of extreme weather events and impacts: Implications for loss and damage from and adaptation to climate extremes

Extreme and impactful weather events of the recent past provide a vital but under-utilised data source for understanding present and future climate risks. Extreme event attribution (EEA) enables us to quantify the influence of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) on a given event in a way that can be tailored to stakeholder needs, thereby enhancing the potential utility of studying past events. Here we set out a framework for systematically recording key details of high-impact events on a national

מידע נוסף

2021

Study on adaptation modelling

This report proposes recommended approaches to analysis and modelling for better informed decision-making on adaptation at various levels of governance. It also identifies research advancements to foster the development and application of the technical, financial, economic and non-monetary analysis and modelling of climate change hazards, risks, impacts, vulnerability and adaptation.

מידע נוסף

2021

Heat and health in the WHO European Region: updated evidence for effective prevention

The WHO Regional Office for Europe published guidance on heat–health action planning in 2008, and intends to update this to include the latest evidence. An in-depth review was initiated, based on recent epidemiological and environmental research and lessons learned from implementation in practice.
This publication collates and summarizes the most relevant evidence published since 2008, focusing primarily on Member States in the WHO European Region. Findings are organized around the elements the

מידע נוסף

2021

Changing Lengths of the Four Seasons by Global Warming

How long will the four seasons be by 2100? Increasing evidence suggests that the length of a single season or in regional scales has changed under global warming, but a hemispherical-scale response of the four seasons in the past and future remains unknown. We find that summer in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes has lengthened, whereas winter has shortened, owing to shifts in their onsets and withdrawals, accompanied by shorter spring and autumn. Such changes in lengths and onsets can be mai

מידע נוסף

2021

Determinants of flood adaptation: Parametric and semiparametric assessment

Flood adaptation measures are indispensable to offset agricultural losses emanating from the increasing frequency and intensity of floods. Therefore, it is necessary to identify key precursors of adaptation for the success of flood‐related adaptation programs. Using cross‐sectional household survey data from rice farmers of eastern Nepal, this study explores existing adaptation practices along with the factors influencing farmers' adaptation strategies. Both parametric and semiparametric for

מידע נוסף

2021

The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change

Climate change affects human health; however, there have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts that have already occurred due to climate change. Here, we use empirical data from 732 locations in 43 countries to estimate the mortality burdens associated with the additional heat exposure that has resulted from recent human-induced warming, during the period 1991–2018. Across all study countries, we find that 37.0% (range 20.5–76.3%) of warm-seaso

מידע נוסף

2021

Climate Adaptation Summit 2021 - Delivering an Adaptation Action Agenda

COVID-19 has transformed the landscape of our society and poses both threats and opportunities for the climate adaptation agenda. Climate adaptation is at risk of serious setbacks in the coming years due to shifts in public spending due to immediate relief and the potential fallout of a global recession. Adaptation has also never been more important, climate shocks are happening now, intersecting with and exacerbating impacts of COVID-19 – so building resilience to climate impacts will be critic

מידע נוסף

2021

Toward sustainable climate change adaptation

Industrial ecology (IE) has made great contributions to climate change mitigation research, in terms of its systems thinking and solid methodologies such as life cycle assessment, material flow analysis, and environmentally extended input–output analysis. However, its potential contribution to climate change adaptation is unclear. Adaptation has become increasingly urgent in a continuously changing climate, especially in developing countries, which are projected to bear the brunt of climate‐chan

מידע נוסף

2021

Living with water: climate adaptation in the world’s deltas

Over the centuries, deltas have given rise to some of the world’s greatest cities—and those cities have always been open to the world. They have thrived not only in the trade of goods, but also in the exchange of ideas. Today, as the world faces up to the need to adapt to climate change, it has never been more important for delta countries to learn from one another. That is the thinking behind this ‘lighthouse’ report, which brings together inspiring case studies from around the globe to galvani

מידע נוסף

2021

State and Trends in Adaptation Report 2020

The Global Center on Adaptation presents the first in a series of reports that will assess progress on climate adaptation and provide guidance and recommendations on best practice in adapting to the effects of a changing climate and building resilience to climate shocks

מידע נוסף

2021

Understanding the Links Between Climate Change Risk Perceptions and the Action Response to Inform Climate Services Interventions

Understanding what motivates people to act on climate change provides an opportunity to design more effective interventions, in particular, climate services interventions, by aligning them with factors that strongly influence action. Climate change risk perceptions have been shown to underlie action on climate change. Therefore, this study performs exploratory research to understand how various determinants of risk perceptions contribute and interact to influence climate change risk perceptions

מידע נוסף

2021

The Global Risks Report - 2021

The 16th edition of the World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report analyses the risks from societal fractures—manifested through persistent and emerging risks to human health, rising unemployment, widening digital divides, youth disillusionment, and geopolitical fragmentation. Businesses risk a disorderly shakeout which can exclude large cohorts of workers and companies from the markets of the future. Environmental degradation—still an existential threat to humanity—risks intersecting with socie

מידע נוסף

2021

Urban adaptation in Europe: how cities and towns respond to climate change

EEA assessment report presenting the status quo of adaptation to climate change at the local government level, with particular focus on cities. The assessment presents the overview of climate risks to cities, types of adaptation responses, extent of adaptation planning and actions at the loal level in Europe and opportunities to scale up and speed up implementation of adaptation to climate change at the local level.

מידע נוסף

2021

Adaptation Gap Report 2020 - UNEP

The UNEP Adaptation Gap Report 2020 finds that while nations have advanced in planning, huge gaps remain in finance for developing countries and bringing adaptation projects to the stage where they bring real protection against climate impacts such as droughts, floods and sea-level rise.

מידע נוסף

2021

Healthy environment, healthy lives: how the environment influences health and well-being in Europe

Nature provides the basis for the good health and well-being of the European population. Cleatreme temperatures, floods an air, water and food are essential for sustaining life; natural environments provide space for recreation, relaxation and social interaction; and raw materials feed into our production systems
to provide the comforts of contemporary life.
Climate change contributes to the burden of disease and premature deaths in Europe. Direct health effects include death, injury and the

מידע נוסף

2020

Health System Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change

Climate change is already causing avoidable injuries, illnesses, and deaths, and is damaging healthcare and public health facilities. The magnitude and distribution of future climate-sensitive health outcomes and of risks to health systems will depend on the level and timing of investment in adaptation and on the chosen greenhouse gas emission pathway. If no additional actions are taken, then over the coming decades substantial increases in morbidity and mortality are expected, as well as breakd

מידע נוסף

2020

The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings a

מידע נוסף

2020

1st Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) main results - MedECC

The first report on the environment and climate change produced by the MedECC network was released in November 2020. It is sounding the alarm!
It received the North-South Prize 2020 from the Council of Europe, as a model of collaboration between countries of the North and the South of the Mediterranean.

מידע נוסף

2020

Risks and Impacts of Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin - Infographic

New MedECC infographic on drivers and impacts of climate and environmental change is available

מידע נוסף

2020

שינוי אקלים, תכנון עירוני ובנייה ירוקה

במסמך זה רוכז מידע בנושא תכנון עירוני ובנייה ירוקה בעידן של שינוי אקלים. המידע בנושא שינויי אקלים וההשלכות על התכנון והבנייה הירוקה לקוח מתוך דוחות שהגיש מרכז הידע להיערכות לשינוי אקלים בישראל למשרד להגנת הסביבה.

מידע נוסף

2020

Mapping the effectiveness of nature‐based solutions for climate change adaptation

The paper is the first global systematic review of the effectiveness of nature-based solutions and provides evidence that nature-based solutions play a key role in addressing the impacts of climate change, but also highlights potential trade-offs to be avoided and evidence gaps where further study is needed. The review investigates nearly 400 scientific studies including both real-world cases, and modelled scenarios. Of the real-world cases, most nature-based interventions (59%) were found to re

מידע נוסף

2020

Climate change strategic narratives in the United Kingdom: Emergency, Extinction, Effectiveness

Achieving policy, business and behaviour change necessary to mitigate climate change is one of the most formidable challenges of the twenty-first century. Increasingly, researchers have argued that communicating purposively designed stories – ‘strategic narratives’ – may be effective in building support for the policy measures necessary to limit anthropogenic warming to 2˚C above pre-industrial levels

מידע נוסף

2020

Greening schoolyards - An urban resilience perspective

Greening schoolyards and redesigning them to be better playgrounds delivers multiple benefits

Greening schoolyards is a highly distributed urban intervention that can enhance city resilience as a whole

Integrating resilience into project design and implementation requires a practical resilience framework

מידע נוסף

2020

Adaptation to health effects of climate change in Europe

The main impacts on health in Europe are from heat and heat-waves, changing patterns of infectious and vector-borne diseases, and from extreme disasters like floods and fires. This opinion presents the challenges for the health sector caused by the need for adapting to the increased risks from climate change, and provides recommendations aimed to strengthen the resilience of the health sector in Europe in view of climate change impacts.

מידע נוסף

2020

World Cities Report 2020: The Value of Sustainable Urbanization

The World Cities Report 2020 shows that the intrinsic value of sustainable urbanization can and should be harnessed for the wellbeing of all. The Report provides evidence and policy analysis of the value of urbanization from an economic, social and environmental perspective, including the unquantifiable value that gives cities their unique character; and also explores the role of innovation and technology, local governments, targeted investments and the effective implementation of the New Urban

מידע נוסף

2020

Principles, drivers, and policy tools for just climate change adaptation in legacy cities

Climate change adaptation presents an opportunity for legacy cities to address growing social, racial, and economic inequality, or engage in just climate change adaptation. While the importance of just and equitable climate change adaptation is well understood, the policy and politics that underlie such efforts are less well understood. This paper focuses on the development of just climate change adaptation strategies in legacy cities, particularly those in the Great Lakes region of the U.S., wh

מידע נוסף

2020

המשבר הסמוי שמעצב את המזרח התיכון

שיעים נגד סונים, פלסטינים נגד ישראלים, מסורת נגד קידמה - לרשימת הגורמים שהופכים את האזור שלנו לאזור כה נפיץ יש להוסיף כוח אימתני שכבר יוצר שינויים מהותיים בחברה, בכלכלה ובביטחון: משבר האקלים

מידע נוסף

2020

United Nations Climate Change Annual Report 2019

Greater efforts are required to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to
protect people and the planet. The UNFCCC interacts with governments and
partners in searching for ways to increase developing countries’ capacity to adapt.
This year in adaptation was marked by the secretariat’s provision of support to
countries for developing their national adaptation plans, the work of the
Adaptation Committee on climate finance, the enhancement of partnerships
under the Nairobi work programme

מידע נוסף

2020

שינוי אקלים ובריאות הציבור - סקירת ספרות, מיפוי מדדי בריאות והמלצות לפעולה

בשנת 2018 ממשלת ישראל קיבלה החלטה להיערכות לאומית להסתגלות לשינוי אקלים ) החלטה מספר 4079.)
לצורך יישום החלטת הממשלה, נקבע כי על כל משרד ממשלתי לפתח תוכנית היערכות ולהשתתף במאמץ הלאומי
להיערכות מיטיבה לשינוי אקלים. מסמך זה צפוי להוות שלב ראשון במאמץ לקראת גיבוש תוכנית עבודה של משרד
הבריאות בנושא

מידע נוסף

2020

שינוי האקלים וההשפעה על בריאותך- תרשים - הותאם מתוך הדוח: שינוי אקלים ובריאות הציבור

ישראל נמצאת באחד מהאזורים הרגישים ביותר לשינוי האקלים
מתועדת מגמת התחממות הכוללת קיץ ארוך, קיצוני וחם יותר; עלייה בתדירות של גלי חום; הפחתה בכמות המשקעים והקצנה במופעיהם.
משבר האקלים הוא אחד הגורמים המשפיעים ביותר על הבריאות במאה ה–21 ועל מדינת ישראל להיערך למען בריאות הציבור.

מידע נוסף

2020

Global Biodiversity Outlook 5

Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO) is the flagship publication of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It is a periodic report that summarizes the latest data on the status and trends of biodiversity and draws conclusions relevant to the further implementation of the Convention

מידע נוסף

2020

מגמות השינוי בטמפרטורה בישראל, תחזיות עד 2100

בדו"ח "שינויי אקלים בישראל מגמות עבר ומגמות חזויות במשטר הטמפרטורות והמשקעים"
דו"ח מחקר מס' 0000075-2019-0804-4000 ,נובמבר 2019 ,השירות המטאורולוגי( אותו פרסמנו
בסוף שנה שעברה, מוצגת השתנות הטמפרטורה עבור שני תרחישים, (האחד מתון 5.RCP4 והשני
קיצוני יותר 5.RCP8 )בו האנושות אינה נוקטת בשום פעולה לצמצום גזי החממה. השתנות
הטמפרטורה הוצגה לשני תרחישים אלו עד שנת 2050.
בעבודה הנוכחית אנו מרחיבים את חישוב מגמות השינוי החזויות, לאותם שני תרחישים, עד שנת
2100.

מידע נוסף

2020

תכניות היערכות לשינויי אקלים-מבט משווה ראשוני

מסמך זה נכתב לבקשת חה"כ מיקי חיימוביץ', יו"ר ועדת הפנים ואיכות הסביבה לקראת דיון שכותרתו "משבר האקלים - היערכות לשינויי אקלים קיצוניים ברמה המקומית והלאומית". המסמך מהווה סקירה ראשונית של תוכניות פעולה בתחום ההיערכות לשינוי האקלים, בדגש על תוכניות המיושמות במדינות האיחוד האירופי.

מידע נוסף

2020

Accelerating Climate Action in Israel

This report analyses the actions necessary in the near and medium term to reduce Israel’s GHG emissions in three sectors– electricity, residential and transport, for which specific policy recommendations are developed.
The report will serve as input to the roadmap that will be developed to support the country’s long-term low-emission strategy (LT-LEDS)

מידע נוסף

2020

תכנית פעולה היערכות לשינויי אקלים - תל אביב יפו - 2020

התכנית ממפה את שינויי האקלים הצפויים ואת השפעתם על העיר, על האוכלוסייה ועל מערך השירותים והסביבה הפיזית.
מתוך ניתוח התחזיות והתרחישים, זיהינו שתי משימות מפתח לעשור הקרוב: קירור העיר וניהול המים.
לצורך מימושן, קבענו מגוון כלים ופעולות, כדי להבטיח את המשך איכות החיים בעיר, למרות שינויי האקלים.

מידע נוסף

2020

Nature-based solutions for adapting to water-related climate risks

Healthy ecosystems, and their associated services, can provide effective natural protection against water-related climate risks. Nature-based solutions (NbS) have recently gained momentum in international policy discussions due to their potential to foster synergies between ecosystem health and human wellbeing, while also offering economic benefits. This paper provides an overview of the use of NbS to date in OECD countries and finds that in most cases ambition for NbS does not match practice. F

מידע נוסף

2020

Global hunger and climate change adaptation through international trade

International trade enables us to exploit regional differences in climate change impacts and is increasingly regarded as a potential adaptation mechanism. Here, we focus on hunger reduction through international trade under alternative trade scenarios for a wide range of climate futures. Under the current level of trade integration, climate change would lead to up to 55 million people who are undernourished in 2050. Without adaptation through trade, the impacts of global climate change would inc

מידע נוסף

2020

Care-full and just: Making a difference through climate change adaptation

In the small city of Dunedin, on the south-east coast of Aotearoa New Zealand, sea-level rise and increased flood events are affecting communities. The potential for climate change impacts in South Dunedin to exacerbate existing inequalities is high. Floods in 2015 became a catalyst for a different way of ‘doing’ climate change adaptation suggesting more care-full and just intentions and practices

מידע נוסף

2020

Collaboratively Developing Tools for Climate Change Adaptation-Lessons for Research and Policy

Climate change is causing extreme weather events to increase in frequency and intensity, putting cities, home to most of Europe’s population, at rapidly increasing risk

מידע נוסף

2020

Standardisation in local climate change adaptation: benefits, myths and recommendations

This policy brief provides an outline of the urban standardisation landscape in Europe, covering the benefits of (and barriers to) using standards for local climate change adaptation, outlining existing relevant standards for local governments, busting persistent myths about using them, and concluding with a set of recommendations for local governments and creators of standards.

מידע נוסף

2020

Scaling Local and Community-Based Adaptation

Climate change continues to pose serious threats to inclusive and sustainable development across all scales. The adverse impacts of climate change are manifested largely at the local level. The underlying drivers of vulnerability—including socio-economic, ecological and human resources, institutions, governance and infrastructure—are inherently context-specific and reflected at local scale. Hundreds of millions of people in both developing and developed countries are vulnerable to the direct and

מידע נוסף

2020

How does private adaptation motivation to climate change vary across cultures? Evidence from a meta-analysis

Natural hazards, exacerbated by climate change, increasingly affect societies worldwide. The accelerating risks entail that private adaptation complement more traditional public climate change adaptation measures. Culture plays an important role in framing how individuals experience hazards and behave toward them. Yet, empirical research explicitly measuring whether and how climate change adaptation varies across cultures is lacking. To address this gap, we collect meta-analytic data on factors

מידע נוסף

2020

חוסן עירוני בשגרה ובחירום-אסטרטגיות, פרקטיקות והמלצות לרשויות המקומיות

משבר הקורונה העמיד את הרשויות המקומיות בישראל ובעולם בפני דילמות ואתגרים קריטיים. לצד
המחיר הכבד שהמשבר גבה וממשיך לגבות מהתושבים, מהעסקים ומהרשויות המקומיות עצמן, מבטאת
תקופה זו ביתר שאת את תפקידו המרכזי של השלטון המקומי - לא רק בהוצאה לפועל של מדיניות הממשלה
ובהפעלת מערכי חירום, אלא גם בהובלה של יוזמות ומהלכים מקומיים, המספקים לתושבים מענה משלים
והכרחי, המתבסס על צרכי המקום ונסיבותיו הייחודיות.

מידע נוסף

2020

What is ecosystem-based adaptation

Healthy ecosystems can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. For instance, coastal habitats like mangroves provide natural flood defences, well-protected lakes retain water sources during droughts, and healthy forests reduce the risk of devastating wildfires. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is an approach that uses these ecosystem services as part of a holistic adaptation strategy. Often through win-win outcomes, EbA protects vulnerable communities from extreme weather while simultaneo

מידע נוסף

2020

A diagnostic tool for supporting policymaking on urban resilience

Urban resilience has become a popular notion among urban policymakers and scientists, as a way to deal with the many complex issues that cities face. While it has positive connotations and resonates with local urban agendas, it is not always clear what it means and what factors contribute to resilience. Additionally, critical literature observes that people's views on what resilience means can differ strongly and the many choices that are made in planning and implementing resilience are ofte

מידע נוסף

2020

Financing Water Supply, Sanitation and Flood Protection

The OECD and the Directorate-General for Environment, the European Commission department responsible for EU policy on the environment, joined forces to examine current and future water-related financing challenges faced by EU member states. These include investments needed to comply with EU regulation for water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, and flood protection. As part of the research, new data was produced on current levels of expenditure for water supply, sanitation and flood p

מידע נוסף

2020

פיתוח חוסן חברתי: מה בין מגפת הקורונה למשבר האקלים?

הזרקור על משבר הקורונה כמגיפה בריאותית והחיפוש אחר פתרונות בריאותיים מידיים בידוד, שמירה
על היגיינה אישית וריחוק חברתי . וארוכי טווח- המרוץ לחיסון , הסיטו מהדיון היבטים חברתיים של
המשבר. כחברה שרוצה לפתח חוסן לאומי וחברתי, עלינו לבחון מי מצליח להתמודד טוב יותר בעתות המשבר ומי פחות? מי יצליח לחזור מהר יותר לשגרה ומי יתקשה?
נתונים ראשוניים בעודנו בעיצומו של המשבר, מלמדים כי הנפגעים העיקריים מגיעים משכבות האוכלוסייה המוחלשות בחברה הישראלית

מידע נוסף

2020

Exploring potential adaptation options for policy and decision-makers: The Climate-ADAPT Catalogue

Adaptation options are measures and actions that can be implemented to manage climate risks to an acceptable level, taking advantage of any positive opportunities that may arise from climate change. Climate-ADAPT provides a catalogue of potential adaptation options that can be explored by climate impacts and adaptation sectors of interest

מידע נוסף

2020

Green climate change adaptation and the politics of designing ecological infrastructures

There is a distinctive ecological turn within contemporary urban infrastructure design linked to the embrace of green approaches to climate adaptation and new ‘ecological’ and ‘landscape infrastructures’ which combine green and grey features. These promise a wide range of ecological, social and cultural benefits and have been accompanied by distinctive new design visions and imaginaries

מידע נוסף

2020

Multi-Dimensional Data Preparation: A Process to Support Vulnerability Analysis and Climate Change Adaptation

Agriculture is the backbone of a country’s economic system, considering that it not only provides food and raw materials but also employment opportunities for a large percentage of the population. In this way, determining the degree of agricultural vulnerability represents a guide for sustainability and adaptability focused on changing future conditions. In many cases, vulnerability analysis data is restricted to use by authorized personnel only, leaving open data policies aside

מידע נוסף

2020

היערכות ישראל לשינוי אקלים: מיפוי אוכלוסיות פגיעות-סקירת ספרות ומסמכי מדיניות מהעולם

סקירה זו נכתבה לשימוש מינהלת היערכות לשינוי אקלים לצורך העמקת הדיון בנושא פיתוח חוסן חברתי בהיערכות ישראל לשינוי אקלים. זאת מתוך הבנה כי על תוכנית ההיערכות לכלול התייחסות ייחודית לקבוצות חברתיות פגיעות יותר לשינוי אקלים. לצורך הכנת המסמך נערכה סקירה של הספרות האקדמית ושל מסמכי מדיניות מרחבי העולם, מופו הקבוצות החברתיות הפגיעות יותר לשינוי אקלים ונסקרו דרכי ההתמודדות האפשריות ברמה הלאומית והמקומית. כמו
כן, הושם דגש על התאמת הסקירה להיבטים החברתיים והתרבותיים הייחודים של ישראל.

מידע נוסף

2020

What makes climate change adaptation effective? A systematic review of the literature

Increased understanding of global warming and documentation of its observable impacts have led to the development of adaptation responses to climate change around the world. A necessary, but often missing, component of adaptation involves the assessment of outcomes and impact

מידע נוסף

2020

Accelerating invasion potential of disease vector Aedes aegypti under climate change

Vector-borne diseases remain a major contributor to the global burden of disease, while climatechange is expected to exacerbate their risk. Characterising vector development rate and its spatio-temporal variation under climate change is central to assessing the changing basis of human disease risk. We develop a mechanistic phenology model and apply it to Aedes aegypti, an invasive mosquito vector for arboviruses (e.g. dengue, zika and yellow fever).

מידע נוסף

2020

Shifting to climate change aware cities to facilitate the city resilience implementation

Climate change (CC) is one of the most urgent threats to modern societies, having direct and indirect consequences on the rapid growth of urban areas. Cities are attempting to both reduce their impact on the environment and build resilience to be able to face the irreversible effects of CC through plans and strategies

מידע נוסף

2020

The Dasgupta Review – Independent Review on the Economics of Biodiversity- Interim Report

The independent Review will explore the sustainability of our engagements with Nature – what we take from it; how we transform what we take from it and return to it; why we have disrupted Nature’s processes; and what we must urgently do differently to enhance our collective wealth and well-being, and that of our descendants

מידע נוסף

2020

A Snapshot of Global Adaptation Investment and Tracking Methods

The intensity and frequency of extreme weather events and chronic climate-related changes are increasing, globally. With these changes, there is a pressing and clear need for communities worldwide to invest in adapting to climate change. According to the UN Environment Programme, in developing countries alone, adapting to climate change will require USD 280 billion to USD 500 billion per year by 2050 (UNEP 2016). The 46 countries that included adaptation cost estimates in their Nationally Determ

מידע נוסף

2020

-Common Ground Between the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework - Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction

Countries are faced with the growing challenge of managing increasing risks from climate change and climate variability, putting development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals at risk. The adoption in 2015 of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Paris Agreement on climate change provides a clear mandate for increased coherence in countries’ approaches to climate and disaster risk reduction

מידע נוסף

2020

Three steps to integrate climate change adaptation and development: Addressing resilience in Danish development policy

The world needs resilient societies. In order to achieve this, adaptation to climate change is key. Denmark’s development cooperation should take a leading role in the integration of climate change adaptation and development.

מידע נוסף

2020

Building resilience against biological hazards and pandemics: COVID-19 and its implications for the Sendai Framework

Year 2020 has become the year of coping with Covid-19
This year was to be the “super year” for sustainability, a year of strengthening global actions to accelerate the transformations required for achieving the 2030 agenda. We argue that 2020 can and must be a year of both. Thus we call for more utilisation of the health-emergency disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) framework to complement current responses to COVID-19 and the patent risk of similar phenomena in the future

מידע נוסף

2020

The projected timing of abrupt ecological disruption from climate change

As anthropogenic climate change continues the risks to biodiversity will increase over time, with future projections indicating that a potentially catastrophic loss of global biodiversity is on the horizon1,2,3. However, our understanding of when and how abruptly this climate-driven disruption of biodiversity will occur is limited because biodiversity forecasts typically focus on individual snapshots of the future. Here we use annual projections (from 1850 to 2100) of temperature and precipitati

מידע נוסף

2020

Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States

United States government scientists estimate that COVID-19 may kill between 100,000 and 240,000 Americans. The majority of the pre-existing conditions that increase the risk of death for COVID-19 are the same diseases that are affected by long-term exposure to air pollution. We investigate whether long-term average exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of COVID-19 deaths in the United States

מידע נוסף

2020

How our responses to climate change and the coronavirus are linked

The coronavirus pandemic may lead to a deeper understanding of the ties that bind us on a global scale

מידע נוסף

2020

Migration, environment and climate change: Responding via climate change adaptation policy

With the advance of climate change and environmental changes threatening livelihoods, their impacts on migration and displacement are receiving increasing attention in research, politics, and civil society. The issue is complex and multi-dimensional, with environmental changes affecting human mobility in diverse ways. The three reports in this series thus evaluate the evidence base for policymaking, and provide entry points for responses in the field of climate change adaptation

מידע נוסף

2020

UNDRR Annual Report 2019

Annual report for the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2019

מידע נוסף

2020

Floodplains: a natural system to preserve and restore

Floodplains are part of Europe’s natural capital, covering 7 % of the continent's area and up to 30 % of its terrestrial Natura 2000 site area. Studies have shown that 70-90 % of floodplains have been environmentally degraded. The objective of this work is to showcase that natural floodplains support achieving multiple EU policy objectives. More specifically to show that natural and restored floodplains provide an alternative to structural measures for providing flood protection, and at the

מידע נוסף

2020

Global warming to increase violent crime in the United States

Recent studies have revealed large and robust correlations between seasonal climate and violent crime rates at regional scales within the continental United States, begging the question of how future climate change will influence violent crime rates. Here, we combine empirical models from previous studies with 42 state-of-the-art global climate models to make such projections, while accounting for key factors like regionality and seasonality, and appropriately combining multiple of sources of un

מידע נוסף

2020

From incremental to transformative adaptation in individual responses to climate-exacerbated hazards

In this Review of scholarship on behavioural adaptation, we find that most empirical studies focus on the affective and cognitive drivers of behaviours with largely private benefits. Few examine behaviours with collective benefits or explore the moderating role of social factors on affective and cognitive cues

מידע נוסף

2020

The Global Risks Report 2020

The Global Risks Report 2020 presents the major risks the world will be facing in the coming year. The global economy is facing an increased risk of stagnation, climate change is striking harder and more rapidly than expected

מידע נוסף

2020

Economy-wide effects of coastal flooding due to sea level rise: a multi-model simultaneous treatment of mitigation, adaptation, and residual impacts

The article presents a multi-model assessment of the macroeconomic impacts of coastal flooding due to sea level rise and the respective economy-wide implications of adaptation measures for two greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration targets, namely the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)2.6 and RCP4.5, and subsequent temperature increases

מידע נוסף

2020

Anomalously warm temperatures are associated with increased injury deaths

Temperatures that deviate from the long-term local norm affect human health, and are projected to become more frequent as the global climate changes. There are limited data on how such anomalies affect deaths from injuries. In the present study, we used data on mortality and temperature over 38 years (1980–2017) in the contiguous USA and formulated a Bayesian spatio-temporal model to quantify how anomalous temperatures, defined as deviations of monthly temperature from the local average monthly

מידע נוסף

2020

Climate risk and response: Physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts

In this report, we look at the physical effects of our changing climate. We explore risks today
and over the next three decades and examine cases to understand the mechanisms through
which physical climate change leads to increased socioeconomic risk

מידע נוסף

2020

Strengthening Post-Hurricane Supply Chain Resilience - Observations from Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria

Resilient supply chains are crucial to maintaining the consistent delivery of goods and services to the American people. The modern economy has made supply chains more interconnected than ever, while also expanding both their range and fragility. In the third quarter of 2017, Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria revealed some significant vulnerabilities in the national and regional supply chains of Texas, Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico

מידע נוסף

2019

2019 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction

The buildings and construction sector accounted for 36% of final energy use and 39% of energy
and process-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2018, 11% of which resulted from
manufacturing building materials and products such as steel, cement and glass. This year’s Global Status Report provides an update on drivers of CO2 emissions and energy demand globally since 2017, along with examples of policies, technologies and investments that support low-carbon building stocks

מידע נוסף

2019

Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute?

Cities face increasing environmental, social and economic challenges that together threaten the resilience of urban areas and the residents who live and work there. These challenges include chronic stresses and acute shocks, amplified by climate change impacts. Nature-based solutions have emerged as a concept for integrating ecosystem-based approaches to address a range of societal challenges

מידע נוסף

2019

Adaptation’s Thirst: Accelerating the Convergence of Water and Climate Action

Water has long been recognized as a central component of climate change impacts as well as a tool to ensure effective adaptation. In the words of Carter Roberts, CEO, WWF-US, at the 15th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen in 2009, “The language of water is the language of climate change.” Nevertheless, miscommunication and misunderstanding remain an issue between the water and climate change commun

מידע נוסף

2019

The Role of Domestic Budgets in Financing Climate Change Adaptation

With climate-induced shocks and stresses threatening fiscal stability and undermining the achievement of broader development goals, governments across the world are recognising the need to mobilise more and smarter investment in climate adaptation. This paper considers the role of domestic budgets as an under-examined but vitally important and sustainable source of adaptation finance at scale. It does so based on the premise that in many developing countries, domestic budgets are already the lar

מידע נוסף

2019

How England’s broken planning system has created (not reduced) the risk of floods

Recent floods in England have been described as unprecedented or even “biblical” events, often with the misguided assumption that they were unavoidable or unpredictable. That is not the case.

מידע נוסף

2019

State of Climate Services 2019 - Poster

מידע נוסף

2019

WMO Provisional Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019

מידע נוסף

2019

Climate Finance and Sustainable Cities

The theme of the 2019 SCF Forum was “Climate finance and sustainable cities”. The objective of the Forum was to enhance understanding of how to accelerate the mobilization and delivery of climate finance for the development of sustainable cities

מידע נוסף

2019

2019 National Preparedness Report

The National Preparedness Report evaluates annual preparedness progress and challenges facing the whole community. The 2019 National Preparedness Report highlights the diverse range of preparedness challenges the Nation faces—from terrorism and active shooter incidents, to cyber attacks, to natural disasters, as well as how stakeholders across the Nation are using preparedness grant funding to invest in preparedness improvements

מידע נוסף

2019

Yearbook of global climate Action 2019

The Yearbook identifies opportunities and challenges for mitigation and resilience in the seven thematic areas of the Marrakech Partnership (land use, oceans and coastal zones, water, human settlements, transport, energy and industry) and the cross-cutting area of finance

מידע נוסף

2019

Meeting the looming policy challenge of sea-level change and human migration

Minimizing the adverse consequences of sea-level change presents a key societal challenge. New modelling is necessary to examine the implications of global policy decisions that determine future greenhouse gas emissions and local policies around coastal risk that influence where and how we live

מידע נוסף

2019

Global Climate Report - October 2019

Last October was Earth’s second-hottest October in recorded history, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The agency announced that average global land and ocean surface temperatures in October were 1.76 degrees above the 20th century average.

מידע נוסף

2019

שינוי האקלים בישראל מגמות עבר ומגמות חזויות במשטר הטמפרטורות והמשקעים

בדו"ח זה לראשונה מציג השירות המטאורולוגי ניתוח בהיקף נרחב של מגמות הטמפרטורה
וכמויות המשקעים על בסיס נתוני העבר מכל רחבי הארץ וניתוח תחזיות של מודלים אקלימיים
אזוריים לעשורים הקרובים

מידע נוסף

2019

The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate

The Lancet Countdown is an international, multidisciplinary collaboration, dedicated to monitoring the evolving health profile of climate change, and providing an independent assessment of the delivery of commitments made by governments worldwide under the Paris agreement

מידע נוסף

2019

Perspectives of climate change adaptation of building areas against heat waves

This paper makes a contribution to the 11th SDG "Sustainable Cities and Communities" with the target to improve the adaptation to climate change and resilience to disasters in terms of summer heat

מידע נוסף

2019

World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency

Scientists have a moral obligation to clearly warn humanity of any catastrophic threat and to “tell it like it is”

מידע נוסף

2019

GAR19 - Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction

This fifth edition of the United Nations Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) is being issued four years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (Sendai Framework).

מידע נוסף

2019

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories was adopted and accepted during the 49th Session of the IPCC in May 2019

מידע נוסף

2019

Gender-Transformative Climate Change Adaptation: Advancing Social Equity

Power and gender inequalities can constrain and undermine climate change adaptation. Those who are vulnerable and marginalized, with limited access to resources and assets, are already facing formidable barriers in adapting to climate change. Ignoring this challenge is maladaptive, as it adds to the vulnerabilities of those already burdened disproportionately and encourages new types of exclusions. Meeting the challenge requires that we transform our societies into fairer and more just organizat

מידע נוסף

2019

2019 - IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report
highlights the urgency of prioritizing timely, ambitious and coordinated action to address
.unprecedented and enduring changes in the ocean and cryosphere

מידע נוסף

2019

Quantifying the impact of changing the threshold of New York City heat emergency plan in reducing heat-related illnesses

The adverse health impact of high heat is widely documented and can lead to a substantial public health burden. Although heat-related illness in western countries is largely preventable, extreme heat remains the main weather contributor to the burden of disease in the United States.

מידע נוסף

2019

Risks Associated to Climate and Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Region

Recent accelerated climate change has exacerbated existing environmental problems in the Mediterranean Basin that are caused by the combination of changes in land use, increasing pollution and declining biodiversity. In most impact domains (such as water, ecosystems, food, health and security), current changes and future scenarios consistently point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Policies for the sustainable development of Mediterranean countries need to mitigate

מידע נוסף

2019

The Role of Green Infrastructures in Urban Planning for Climate Change Adaptation

The population that lives in cities has surpassed the one that lives in the countryside. Cities are recognized as apriority source of pollution. The degradation of air quality and the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) are some of the most well-known consequences of urban development. The adaptation of the cities is emerging as one of the greatest challenges that urban planners will face in this century. Urban Green Infrastructures (GIs) could help cities adapt to climate change

מידע נוסף

2019

Peak energy, peak oil, and the rise of renewables: An executive’s guide to the global energy system

In this episode of the McKinsey Podcast, Simon London speaks with senior partners Namit Sharma and Christer Tryggestad about their research in the Global Energy Perspective 2019 and
.where global energy demand is headed in the decades to come

מידע נוסף

2019

UN 2019 sixth Global Environment Outlook: GEO-6 - Summary for Policymakers

UN Environment’s sixth Global Environment Outlook (2019) calls on decision makers to take immediate action to address pressing environmental issues to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals as well as other Internationally Agreed Environment Goals, such as the Paris Agreement

מידע נוסף

2019

The case for strategic and managed climate retreat

Faced with global warming, rising sea levels, and the climate-related extremes they intensify, the question is no longer whether some communities will retreat—moving people and assets out of harm's way—but why, where, when, and how they will retreat.

מידע נוסף

2019

Accelerating Climate Action

This report builds on the OECD Well-being Framework and applies a new perspective that analyses synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation and broader goals such as health, education, jobs, as well as wider environmental quality and the resources needed to sustain our livelihoods through time

מידע נוסף

2019

Tracking global climate change adaptation among governments

The Paris Agreement and Katowice Climate Package articulate a clear mandate for all parties to undertake and document adaptation progress. Yet persistent challenges have prevented substantive developments in tracking adaptation and the assessment of adaptation actions and their outcomes

מידע נוסף

2019

Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program

The frequency and severity of disasters over the last few decades have presented unprecedented challenges for communities across the United States. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina exposed the complexity and breadth of a deadly combination of existing community stressors, aging infrastructure, and a powerful natural hazard. In many ways, the devastation of Hurricane Katrina was a turning point for understanding and managing disasters, as well as related plan making and policy formulation. It brought t

מידע נוסף

2019

Business Climate Resilience: Thriving Through the Transformation

WBCSD’s report brings together important global developments and latest thinking on climate adaptation and resilience, with particular focus on private sector climate resilience. It builds on the need for businesses to prepare for both the physical risks that are associated with climate change, as well as the associated transitional risks on the path towards a net-zero economy

מידע נוסף

2019

ערים בעידן של שינוי אקלים — זירות של פגיעוּת והיערכות

ערים נחשבות לפגיעות במיוחד לשינוי אקלים ולאירועי מזג אוויר קיצוניים. לנוכח ההכרה
בפגיעות העירונית ובעקבות שורה של אסונות טבע שהיכו בערים ברחבי העולם, מתחילות ערים
רבות ברחבי העולם להיערך לשינוי האקלים. השיח המרכזי בהיערכות העירונית לשינוי האקלים
נסוב סביב מושג החוסן העירוני, המתואר לרוב כיכולת של עיר נתונה להתמודד בהצלחה עם מגוון
של לחצים ואירועי קיצון. תוכניות להגברת החוסן העירוני מתייחסות לסך הפעולות שיש לבצע
מבעוד מועד כדי להפחית את עוצמת הפגיעה וכן לשפר את היכולת להתאושש לאחריה. המאמר ס

מידע נוסף

2019

Adapt Now: A Global Call for Leadership on Climate Resilience - 2019

This report focuses on making the case for climate adaptation, providing specific insights
and recommendations in key sectors: food security, the natural environment, water, cities and
urban areas, infrastructure, disaster risk management, and finance. It is designed to inspire
action among decision-makers

מידע נוסף

2019

Challenges to natural and human communities from surprising ocean temperatures

Based on historical and lived experience, people expect certain conditions to prevail in the ecosystems they depend upon. Climate change is now introducing strong trends that push conditions beyond historic levels. Using ocean ecosystems as a case study, we show that the frequency of surprising temperatures is increasing faster than expected. We then use these events as motivation to develop a theory for how temperature trends and events will impact natural and human communities

מידע נוסף

2019

The Global Climate in 2015–2019

Compared to the previous five-year assessment period 2011–2015, the current five-year period 2015–2019 has seen a continued increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
and an accelerated increase in the atmospheric concentration of major greenhouse
gases (GHGs), with growth rates nearly 20% higher

מידע נוסף

2019

The Global Risks Report 2019

The Global Risks Report 2019 is published against a backdrop of worrying geopolitical and geo-economic tensions. If unresolved, these tensions will hinder the world’s ability to deal with a growing range of collective challenges

מידע נוסף

2019

Tracking the progress of climate change adaptation: An Australian case study

The six adaptation conferences organised by the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility between 2010 and 2018 provide a unique and novel opportunity to track adaptation progress in Australia

מידע נוסף

2019

A Land Without Water

Climate change, waves of refugees and poor planning are draining water supplies
in Jordan

מידע נוסף

2019

Climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector in Europe

Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways. Changes in temperature and precipitation as well as weather and climate extremes are already influencing crop yields and livestock productivity in Europe. Weather and climate conditions also affect the availability of water needed for irrigation, livestock watering practices, processing of agricultural products, and transport and storage conditions

מידע נוסף

2019

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe

מידע נוסף

2019

Monitoring and Evaluating Climate Adaptation Activities: A Reference Guide for City Managers

Cities are leading the way in committing to ambitious climate adaptation goals and implementing strategies to reduce climate risks. However, these commitments to adaptation action often face challenges in documenting changes in resilience of urban systems and populations. To capture these adaptation results, cities will need to develop robust monitoring and reporting frameworks to measure achievement, document outcomes and learn from their adaptation activities

מידע נוסף

2019

Transformative adaptation to climate change for sustainable social-ecological systems

In the face of major shifts in temperature and precipitation, some conventional strategies that help people to cope or incrementally adapt to climate change may become inappropriate in the long-term. Transformative adaptation, i.e. fundamental systems’ changes that address root causes of vulnerability may be needed

מידע נוסף

2019

Managing global catastrophic risks - Part 1 - Understand

Sponsored by the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), this report is dedicated to providing options for policy-makers to better understand, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and communicate about global catastrophic risks

מידע נוסף

2019

Valuing the Global Mortality Consequences of Climate Change Accounting for Adaptation Costs and Benefits

We develop empirically-grounded estimates of willingness-to-pay to avoid excess mortality risks caused by climate change. Using 40 countries' subnational data, we estimate a mortality-temperature relationship that enables global extrapolation to countries without data and projection of its future evolution, accounting for adaptation benefits. Further, we develop a revealed preference approach to recover unobserved adaptation costs

מידע נוסף

2019

Tens of thousands additional deaths annually in cities of China between 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming

The increase in surface air temperature in China has been faster than the global rate, and more high temperature spells are expected to occur in future. Here we assess the annual heat-related mortality in densely populated cities of China at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming

מידע נוסף

2019

How does gendered vulnerability shape the adoption and impact of sustainable livelihood interventions in an era of global climate change?

Though many studies have long considered the broad social implications of climate change, researchers have only recently started to consider the gendered unevenness of the global landscape of vulnerability, exposure, and adaptive capacity to environmental stressors and shocks

מידע נוסף

2019

Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient

Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals

מידע נוסף

2019

WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2018

This publication marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate, which was first issued in 1994. The 2019 edition treating data for 2018 marks sustained international efforts dedicated to reporting on, analysing and understanding the year-to-year variations and long-term trends of a changing climate

מידע נוסף

2019

Increased frequency of and population exposure to extreme heat index days in the United States during the 21st century

The National Weather Service of the United States uses the heat index—a combined measure of temperature and relative humidity—to define risk thresholds warranting the issuance of public heat alerts. We use statistically downscaled climate models to project the frequency of and population exposure to days exceeding these thresholds in the contiguous US for the 21st century with two emissions and three population change scenarios

מידע נוסף

2019

The imperative of climate action to protect human health in Europe

The report focuses on the consequences of climate change for human health in Europe and the benefits of acting now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to stabilise the climate

מידע נוסף

2019

Agrivoltaics provide mutual benefits across the food–energy–water nexus in drylands

The vulnerabilities of our food, energy and water systems to projected climatic change make building resilience in renewable energy and food production a fundamental challenge

מידע נוסף

2019

Adaptation challenges and opportunities for the European energy system

This report analyses the needs for climate change adaptation and climate resilience in Europe’s energy system now and in the future. This assessment supports the clean energy transition, which involves a massive expansion of renewable energy sources, many of which are sensitive to climate factors

מידע נוסף

2019

Microbiologists' Warning to Humanity: microorganisms and climate change

This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms In climate change biology

מידע נוסף

2019

שינויי אקלים במזרח התיכון במאה ה- 21 – תצפיות ותחזיות

מידע נוסף

2019

Deep-ocean climate change impacts on habitat, fish and fisheries

This publication focuses on the impacts of climatic changes on demersal fisheries, and the interactions of these fisheries with other species and vulnerable marine ecosystems. The principal cause of climate change is rising greenhouse gases and other compounds in the atmosphere that trap heat causing global warming, leading to deoxygenation and acidification in the oceans

מידע נוסף

2019

Responding to Rising Seas - OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks

There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge

מידע נוסף

2019

Managed retreat as a strategy for climate change adaptation in small communities: public health implications

In coming decades, sea level rise associated with climate change will make some communities uninhabitable. Managed retreat, or planned relocation, is a proactive response prior to catastrophic necessity. Managed retreat has disruptive health, sociocultural, and economic impacts on communities that relocate. Health impacts include mental health, social capital, food security, water supply, sanitation, infectious diseases, injury, and health care access

מידע נוסף

2019

Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience

The accelerating impacts of climate change, and the need to avoid much larger impacts in the future, bring urgency to scaling up action on adaptation and resilience

מידע נוסף

2018

Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands

Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands provides comprehensive information on climate change, biodiversity, possible impacts, adaptation measures and policy challenges to help users rehabilitate and preserve the natural resources of tropical islands. While biodiversity and climate change of tropical islands has previously received less attention, it is ironically one of the most vulnerable regions in this regard. The core content of the work derives largely from the ideas

מידע נוסף

2018

Climate Change Adaptation - Research, Science and Innovation

The historic Paris Agreement set out the challenging long-term goal of keeping global warming to “well below” 2°C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. At the same time, it called on societies to build up their resilience and ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change

מידע נוסף

2018

Scientists Warn and Call for the Protection of our Planet

We have never been in the history of mankind as a species in such a moment and place. We have
never faced such a challenge during our stay on this planet. Such a great mobilization of scientists from around the world has never happened before

מידע נוסף

2018

Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators for Climate Change-Related Health Impacts, Risks, Adaptation, and Resilience

Climate change poses a range of current and future health risks that health professionals need to understand, track, and manage. However, conventional monitoring and evaluation (M&E) as practiced in the health sector, including the use of indicators, does not adequately serve this purpose. Improved indicators are needed in three broad categories: (1) vulnerability and exposure to climate-related hazards; (2) current impacts and projected risks; and (3) adaptation processes and health system resi

מידע נוסף

2018

Impacts of climate change on transport: A focus on airports, seaports and inland waterways

The report assesses the impacts of climate change on transport for Europe using projections of climate data, coastal inundation, river flooding and river discharge data. Impacts considered include those of sea level rise, storm surges, extreme weather events and floods on airports and seaports, as well as floods and droughts on inland waterways. Main outputs include the identification of transport infrastructure at risk in future time periods and the estimation of economic impacts

מידע נוסף

2018

Climate Change Adaptation for Transportation Systems

Climate Change Adaptation for Transportation Systems examines the international state of knowledge on climate change and weather and their potential impacts on the planning, design and serviceability of transportation networks. The book describes alternative frameworks for adapting to climate change in the planning, provision and management of transportation systems. It discusses methods and models for including climate and weather factors in planning and design for use in transportation asset s

מידע נוסף

2018

A roadmap to effective urban climate change adaptation

This paper outlines a roadmap to effective urban climate change adaptation built from our practical understanding of the evidence and effects of climate change and the preparation of climate change adaptation strategies and plans. This roadmap aims to drive research in achieving fruitful knowledge and solution-based achievable recommendations in adapting to climate change in urban areas with effective and systematic manner

מידע נוסף

2018

The Adaptation Gap Health Report - 2018

The 2018 Adaptation Gap Report has two parts. First, it provides an overview of the status and trends of the adaptation gap in terms of vulnerability to climate change, adaptation costs and finance, and countries’ adaptation commitments and actions. Second, the report undertakes an
in-depth assessment of the adaptation gap in health

מידע נוסף

2017

Port industry survey on climate change impacts and adaptation

Ports are critical infrastructure assets that serve as catalysts of economic growth and development. At the same time, they are also exposed to the risk of the impacts of climate variability and change, particularly in view of their location in coastal zones, low-lying areas and deltas

מידע נוסף

2017

Climate Change, Impacts and Vulnerability in Europe 2016 - An Indicator-based Report

This report is an indicator-based assessment of past and projected climate change and its impacts on ecosystems and society. It also looks at society’s vulnerability to these impacts and at the development of adaptation policies and the underlying knowledge base.

מידע נוסף

2017

Communicating Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience

Communicating the impacts of climate change and possible adaptive responses is a relatively recent branch of the larger endeavor of climate change communication. This recent emergence, in large part, is driven by the fact that the impacts and policy/planning/practice responses have only recently emerged in more widespread public consciousness and discourse, and thus in scholarly treatment

מידע נוסף

2017

Making the Case for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems as a Nature-Based Solution to Urban Flooding

European cities continue to experience a steady increase in the intensity and frequency of floods, largely due to high urban densities and resultant soil sealing. In the last decade, flooding as a natural hazard has produced the highest economic losses in Europe and storm water management has become a serious urban challenge.

מידע נוסף

2017

WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate 2017

The global mean temperature in 2017 was approximately 1.1 °C above the pre-industrial
era, more than half way towards the maximum limit of temperature increase of 2 °C sought through the Paris Agreement, which further strives to limit the increase to C 1.5 ° above pre- Industrial levels

מידע נוסף

2017

The Adaptation Gap Report

The 2017 Adaptation Gap Report, which is the third global Adaptation Gap Report by UN Environment – prepared in collaboration with the Global Centre of Excellence on Climate Adaptation – focuses on one of the key questions arising in the wake
of the global goal: What are the ways forward to assess progress towards the global goal on
adaptation?

מידע נוסף

2017

WMO Statement on the state of the global climate in 2016

This latest report confirms that 2016 was the warmest year on record: a remarkable 1.1 °C above the pre-industrial period, which is 0.06 °C above the previous record set in 2015. This increase in global temperature is consistent with other changes in the climate system.

מידע נוסף

2017

Master ADAPT Project - Climate Change Adaptation Practices Across the EU Countries

Within the EU, southern Europe, and the Mediterranean basin in particular, will be most affected by global climate change. Strategies and plans for adaption to climate change are developed at national and regional level in the EU

מידע נוסף

2017

Advancing climate adaptation practices and solutions: Emerging research priorities

This paper builds on insights from Adaptation Futures 2016: Practices and Solutions – the largest
gathering of adaptation experts to date – to identify research priorities at a time when adaptation
is scaling up and moving from planning to implementation around the world. It traces the
evolution of adaptation research over time, reflects on how it has evolved, maps what it looks
like today, anticipates research directions and gaps, and articulates new research priorities

מידע נוסף

2017

Climate Change Adaptation in Pacific Countries: Fostering Resilience Through Gender Equality

Women and girls are disproportionately affected by the impacts of climate change in the Pacific due to prevailing gender inequalities. Meanwhile, the participation and leadership of women in climate change adaptation has been identified globally as critical for fostering resilience in families, communities and nations

מידע נוסף

2016

דו"ח הוועדה לקביעת מדדים ודרכי ניהול פעילות שטח בתנאי אקלים חריגים עבור אוכלוסיות משרד החינוך

דו"ח זה מסכם המלצות עדכניות המבוססות על המידע הרפואי / מחקרי הקיים היום, על המידע התפעולי / מחקרי של ניהול מצבי חירום ואסון, על מידע ניהולי וארגוני ועל ידע צבור של ניהול, מניעה ועזרה ראשונה מעשיים בשטח.
בסיכום כל פרק מופיעות המלצות קצרות וברורות אשר יסייעו באיזון גורמי הסיכון ע''מ למנוע פגיעות ותמותה. המסמך סוקר את ההמלצות למענה במניעה ראשונית ובמניעה שניונית של מעטפת ארגונית, עזרים, קריאת מצבים וניהולם.

מידע נוסף

2016

Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the US Temperature-Mortality Relationship over the Twentieth Century

This paper examines the temperature-mortality relationship over the course of the twentieth-century United States both for its own interest and to identify potentially useful adaptations for coming decades. There are three primary findings. First, the mortality impact of days with mean temperature exceeding 80°F declined by 75 percent. Almost the entire decline occurred after 1960. Second, the diffusion of residential air conditioning explains essentially the entire decline in hot day–related fa

מידע נוסף

2015

Periodic Report Summary 1 - DYNAMIC (DYNamic feedbacks of climate impacts on current Adaptation and Mitigation Investment Choice)

The DYNAMIC (DYNamic feedbacks of climate impacts on current Adaptation and Mitigation Investment Choice) project proposes a novel framework to evaluate the economic consequences of climate change impacts and related policy responses.

מידע נוסף

2015

בחינת תרומת קבוצות סוציו אקונומיות בישראל לפליטות גזי חממה מצריכת מזון ביתי

לייצור המזון, במיוחד בחקלאות התעשייתית, נודעת השפעה ממשית על היקף פליטות גזי חממה באופן ישיר או עקיף. גזי חממה אלו נוצרים בכל שלבי מחזור החיים של המזון, החל משלב החקלאות ותשומותיו, דרך הייצור, הפצה, קירור, קמעונאות, הכנת המזון בבית וכלה בסילוק הפסולת.למעשה, בעוד שבמחקרים השונים קיימת הסכמה על כך שפליטות גזי חממה מייצור המזון וצריכתו מהוות חלק משמעותי מפליטות גזי החממה בעולם, המחלוקת המחקרית נסובה סביב הערכת היקף הפליטות. לדוגמא, לפי דוח של האו"ם מ- 2014 14.5% מפליטות גזי החממה כתוצאה מפעילו

מידע נוסף

2014

נספח ג- מבוא למדידת חוסן

מידע נוסף

2014

Climate Adaptation: Seizing the Challenge

The World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Climate Change’s report, Climate Adaptation: Seizing the Challenge, captures some of the latest thinking in the field of climate adaptation and financing, with the goal of assisting decision-makers in the public and private sectors gain a better understanding of the issue

מידע נוסף

2014

Explaining Extreme Weather Events of 2013 from a Climate Perspective

The annual Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) special issue on the attribution of last year’s extreme weather events is published today. This year’s issue “explaining extreme events of 2013 – from a climate perspective” includes two papers led by researchers from our climateprediction. This is a highly-cited and influential annual publication coined in 2012 asking whether and to what extent anthropogenic climate change altered the risk of major extreme weather events of the p

מידע נוסף

2014

Lima call for climate action- Decision

Climate Action & UNEP delivered their fifth annual Sustainable Innovation Forum on December 9 in Lima. This year’s event brought together close to 500 leaders from key United Nations bodies, governments, international & regional companies and leading non-governmental organisations (NGO's).

מידע נוסף

2013

מדדים לאיכות חיים, לקיימות ולחוסן לאומי

מדידת חוסן: המונח חוסן resilience נעשה רווח בשיח הציבורי בשנים האחרונות. החוסן הפך
עיקרון מנחה בתכנון של מערכות תשתית, בתכנון עירוני, בהיערכות לאירועי משבר סביבתיים,
כלכליים וחברתיים וכן בארכיטקטורה של מערכות מורכבות שונות ברחבי העולם.

מידע נוסף

2013

United Kingdom national adaptation programme: Making the country resilient to a changing climate

This report outlines the steps government, businesses and communities are already taking to address the most severe and urgent threats of climate change, as identified by Defra last year in its Climate Change Risk Assessment

מידע נוסף

2013

Urban Forest Strategy - City of Sydney

In 2012 the City of Sydney (the City) adopted the Greening Sydney Plan. One of the key elements of that Plan is to develop and protect the City’s urban forest. This Urban Forest Strategy outlines the way the City will work to improve the environment, using trees, while managing the associated risks and costs

מידע נוסף

2012

Climate Change Adaptation in Israel

In accordance with a June 2009 decision by the Israel Government, the Ministry of Environmental Protection is preparing a national climate change adaptation program aimed at reducing the adverse effects of global changes on water scarcity, drought and increased frequency of extreme events, among others

מידע נוסף

2012

Climate Change Risk Assessment for the Agriculture Sector

UK agriculture could be significantly affected by climate change Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, changes in sunshine levels and in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and increasing frequency of weather events currently considered extreme would all have an impact on operations, productivity and the range of products offered by
the sector

מידע נוסף

2012

Climate Prediction for Adaptation: Who needs what?

The role of short- and long-term climate predictions in determining the success of adaptation to climate change is investigated. A simple theoretical model that captures the relationship between adaptive performance, decision structure, and prediction accuracy at different temporal scales is developed, and its implications deduced. It is shown that users who face high adjustment costs (i.e. are inflexible) depend more heavily on accurate long-term predictions than those who are able to adjust

מידע נוסף

2012

UK climate change risk assessment: government report

The Government published the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) on 25 January 2012, the first assessment of its kind for the UK and the first in a 5 year cycle. It sets out the main priorities for adaptation in the UK under 5 key themes identified in the CCRA 2012 Evidence Report - Agriculture and Forestry; Business, industries and Services; Health and Wellbeing; Natural Environment and Buildings and Infrastructure - and describes the policy context, and action already in place to tackle

מידע נוסף

2011

Urban Forest Strategy: Making a great city greener 2012-2032

This is the City of Melbourne’s first Urban Forest Strategy. It is the product of a collaborative
process, developed over two years with a large number of stakeholders including local and
the broader community in Melbourne

מידע נוסף

2011

2011 Bonn Declaration of Mayors

This declaration is the outcome document of the Mayors Adaptation Forum, which forms the Mayors segment of the Resilient Cities 2011 congress. It highlights the need to build resilience to disasters as a critical issue. It also signals the need to take appropriate action to build local capacities in reducing risk to disasters including those exacerbated by climate change.
The declaration advocates for the implementation of the following: (i) mainstreaming new adaptation and resilience standard

מידע נוסף

2011

A double-resolution transient RCM climate change

A double-resolution regional experiment on hydrodynamic simulation of climate over the eastern Mediterranean (EM) region was performed using an International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste RegCM3 model. The RegCM3 was driven from the lateral boundaries by the data from the ECHAM5/MPI-OM global climate simulation performed at the MPI-M, Hamburg and based on the A1B IPCC scenario of greenhouse gases emission. Two simulation runs for the time period 1960-2060, employing spatial resolutions

מידע נוסף

2011

Climate Change Adaptation and Real Option Evaluation: A Case Study in Campeche, Mexico

This report illustrates the application of a (relatively) new method to guide decision making under high (and unknowable) levels of uncertainty. The approach allows for the identification of robust policy options that are economically beneficial under different scenarios and varying levels uncertainty. Option value techniques are commonly employed in the finance literature to identify investment decisions that are resilient across a spectrum of outcomes. The methods are technically advanced

מידע נוסף

2011

ipcc summary for policymakers

The Working Group III Special Report on Renewa
ble Energy Sources and Climate Change
Mitigation (SRREN) presents an assessment of th
e literature on the scientific, technological,
environmental, economic and social aspects of
the contribution of six renewable energy (RE)
sources to the mitigation of climate change. It is
intended to provide policy relevant information to
governments, intergovernmental processes and ot
her interested parties. This Summary for
Policymakers provides an ov

מידע נוסף

2008

Climate change- vulnerability and adaptation indicators

The purpose of this Technical Paper is to rehearse some fundamental concepts surrounding the
development and delineation of adaptation indicators. It builds upon the outputs of an Expert meeting
on climate change vulnerability and adaptation indicators (Budapest, September 2008) and on the
contents of a Background Paper that was prepared for the meeting.

מידע נוסף